Review. Genetic breeding of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
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Abstract
the tropical regions of America, but it has been introduced
in different countries of the world where is nowadays
naturalized. It is one of the most valuables tropical and
subtropical fruit tree, because it is a natural source of
vitamins and mineral salts. Due to its seed propagation,
there are heterocigotic populations in which there is a
correct genetic variability for the selection of desirable
commercial types. At the foundation of the Cuban Fruit
Tropical and Subtropical germplasm bank in 1965 (nowadays
Tropical Fruit Research Institute, IIFT), was established the
biggest collection of guava in the country. This germplasm
collection has been characterized by using morphological
markers and techniques of Amplified Fragment Length
Polymorphism (AFLP) and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR).
The evaluations allowed the selection of elite genotypes
for commercialization, breeding and the establishment of
crossing programs. They are able to build linkage maps
using molecular markers and over 50 quantitative trait
loci were detected, as a basis for marker assisted selection.
These results, in conjunction with the use of tissue culture
techniques for the conservation and propagation of
germplasm, have allowed to propose a methodology for
developing crop improvement program in the country.
de germoplasma del cultivo, ha sido caracterizada con el empleo de marcadores morfológicos y técnicas de Polimorfismo de la Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados (AFLP) y de Secuencias Simples Repetidas (SSR). Las evaluaciones realizadas permitieron la selección de genotipos élites para propósitos de comercialización y mejoramiento genético. Además, se lograron construir mapas de ligamiento utilizando los marcadores moleculares y se detectaron más de 50 loci de caracteres cuantitativos, como base para la selección asistida por marcadores. Estos resultados, junto al uso de técnicas de cultivo de tejidos, para la conservación y propagación de germoplasma, han permitido proponer una metodología para desarrollar el
programa de mejoramiento del cultivo en el país.
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