Residue decomposition of sugar cane harvest by an autochthonous fungal strain of Trichocladium pyriforme
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Abstract
During the green harvesting system of sugarcane, a large amount of agricultural harvest residue is produced that can be left as mulch on the soil, removed from the field or incorporated into the profile, depending on the agroecological characteristics of each area. It is important to rapidly decompose the cover crop residue in areas where it is detrimental to sugarcane production. One of the alternatives to accelerate the natural decomposition of the residue is the use of lignocellulolytic fungi. The objective of this work was to isolate autochthonous fungal strains from sugarcane ARH, select and characterize culturally, morphologically and molecularly those with the greatest potential to accelerate the decomposition of the green harvest residue of the sugarcane field. Five autochthonous fungal strains were isolated from fragments of freshly harvested residue. Cellulolytic and ligninolytic activity was evaluated in vitro, using carboxymethylcellulose and guaiacol as substrates, respectively. Strain HR5E3 was the only strain able to decompose cellulose and lignin. This strain was culturally, morphologically and molecularly characterized as Trichocladium pyriforme and produced enzymes of the lignin peroxidase group, polyphenol oxidases and laccases. In solid substrate fermentation bioassays, this strain accelerated the decomposition of the residue by di-auxic growth with glucose. Trichocladium pyriforme HR5E3 could be used as a bioinoculant capable of degrading lignocellulose, and avoid the detrimental effects that the unaltered cover of the agricultural residue could have on the development of sugarcane.
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