Micropropagation of Vachellia spp. as an alternative for the reforestation of desert areas in Mexico
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Abstract
The irrational exploitation of native species of arid and semi-arid areas of Mexico, in particular the huizache (Vachellia spp.), created the need to carry out research work that contributes to the reforestation of these areas. Vachellia spp. pods have been characterized by their nutritional value and use in ruminants, in addition to the fact that generally the seeds present germination problems under natural conditions, due to their hard and impermeable cover that prevents the passage of water. This is a problem that can be solved through the use of micropropagation. This technology has made it possible to obtain thousands of disease-free seedlings with characteristics identical to the plant that gave them origin, and so far there is no extensive research on the subject that includes diversity of species of the genus Vachellia L., some of the few examples are the case of the efficient induction of callus of the species Vachellia macracantha, induction of shoots and multiplication of Acacia auriculiformis, in vitro propagation of Acacia chundra and the hybrid Acacia mangium and A. mangium × A. auriculiformis hybrids, among other methodologies. Scarification methods (physical, chemical and mechanical) interrupt the dormancy of the seeds and by placing them in a suitable culture medium (macro and micronutrients, sucrose, growth regulators), large productions have been obtained in a short time. The aim of this Bibliographic Review was to compile the most relevant results on plant tissue culture in species of the genus Vachellia L.
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