Effect of extracts of Solanum pimpinellifolium and Nicotiana tabacum L. against the black weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus)
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Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluate the bioinsecticidal effect of extracts of field tomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) against the black weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus). The extracts were obtained from dried leaves, ground, and bioactive compounds extracted with ethanol. Secondary metabolites (triterpenes, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and reducing sugars) were identified. Insects were captured using Musa paradisiaca L. plantain pseudostem traps baited with cocoa placenta. Seven treatments with 10 replicates were established; each extract was exposed to a concentration of 20 %, 60 %, 100 %, and a control. Mortality was evaluated up to 12 days. The design was completely randomized; data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). Morphological characterization of the weevil showed an elongated body measuring 10–14 mm, dark coloration, a prominent beak, bent antennae, and fused elytra with striations. Extracts from both plants induced mortality in C. sordidus, increasing with concentration and time; N. tabacum L. was significantly more effective than S. pimpinellifolium. In conclusion, phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with similar insecticidal effects on tomato and tobacco. Morphological identification confirmed the species C. sordidus. The tobacco extract was more effective against the weevil, with mortality dependent on concentration and time, demonstrating a greater insecticidal effect than tomato.
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