Risks of soil infiltration problems in the Javita river basin, Ecuador
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Abstract
This study evaluates the potential risks of decreased permeability and infiltration problems in agricultural soils associated with groundwater quality in the Javita River basin (Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador), using three indicators: Doneen Permeability Index (PI), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR/SARx), and Cation Ratio of Structural Stability (CROSS). Three sampling campaigns were conducted (May, August, and December 2024) in 25 wells (20 in December due to the dry season), following INEN standards 2196 and 2176. pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and cation/anion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 -, CO3 2-, SO4 2-, Cl-) were determined in the samples. The results show high spatial and temporal variability (high coefficients of variation) and a PI classification of Class II (Good) in all three sampling periods (means: 50.9, 54.9, and 40.2 %), suggesting that these waters would not affect permeability. In the SAR/SARx/CROSS vs. EC evaluation, the “None” restriction category predominates, although nine wells present “Slight to Moderate” restriction in May and/or December. Several of these (P-14, P-16, P-17, P-22, P-23, and P-24) maintain this condition in both sampling periods. In December, the available observations are classified as having no restriction, but the absence of data for five wells requires caution in the handling of these waters. In summary, there is no current risk of sodicity or decreased permeability; monitoring of wells with “Slight to Moderate” restrictions and management measures to maintain effective wet-bulb salinity and minimize the potential for surface dispersion and sealing are recommended.
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