Bioprospecting of bacilli associated with Cuban wheat cultivars for the control of phytopathogenic fungi
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Abstract
Wheat is a crop of great importance for global food security. In Cuba, it is a relevant species due to its consumption and the significant imports required to meet the country's needs. Among the factors affecting its yields are phytopathogenic fungi, which would be advisable to manage using biological alternatives. The aim of the present study was to characterize the antagonistic potential of Gram-positive bacilli from the rhizosphere and endosphere of wheat plants of the Cuban cultivars 'Cuba C-204', 'I 399', and 'M04'. Out of the 21 microorganisms isolated, 9 5% released lytic enzymes (56 % amylases, 40 % proteases, 68 % lipases, and 60 % glucanases); seven stood out for their results for three enzymes, and two for producing all of them. Three bacteria inhibited the growth of Fusarium sp., 13 affected Curvularia sp., four impacted Curvularia sp., six affected Bipolaris sp., and four affected Alternaria sp., with differences in the percentage of inhibition values among strains for each pathogen. Among the damages caused to the fungi, the most notable were growth arrest, mycelial coiling, abundant conidia production, and cellular lysis. The research allowed for the selection of isolates MH2, Mtr2.1, and MT3, from the cultivar 'M04', and isolate Crt2.1, from the cultivar 'Cuba C-204', which can be considered promising for further studies aimed at developing bioproducts for the biological control of wheat in Cuba.
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