Spatial-seasonal characterization of native mycorrhiza of two coffee plantations in Cuba
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Abstract
functioning in coffee plantations, so as to establish the future
strategy of arbuscular mycorrhizal management under field
conditions, an experiment was conducted in two coffee
plantations, each one with a typical type of soil, rhodic
Eutrudox-Ferralsol and chromic Cambisol. Six plants per site
were randomly selected, taking six soil samples at 30, 60 and
90 cm of distance in two depths, 0-20 and 20-40 cm. Samples
were extracted in two physiological plant stages, fruiting and
postharvest. Mycorrhizal components, chemicals analyses and
identification of genera and species of the native mycorrhizal
fungi of each sample were done. Data were analyzed by a
correspondent ANOVA and Turkey media test, besides the
principal component analysis to know the spatial dispersion
of variables and treatments under study. Results showed a
strong effect of the physiological stages on the mycorrhizal
functioning and spore populations. Fruiting characterized by
a high metabolic activity, high values of colonized root percent,
visual density of root colonization, large amount of
extramatrical mycelium and poor spore number in contrast with
postharvest stage, where spore populations were increased at
the expense of a significantly decreased of the other fungal
variable, due probably to the low plant metabolic activity
during this stage that could stimulate sporulation process as a
survival mechanism. The presence of spores from the order
Glomales and Diversisporales and three families,
Acaulosporaceae, Glomaceae and Gigasporinaceae were
observed. The most representative genera were Acaulospora
and Glomus, with an average appearance of 52.06 and 38.80 %
respectively.
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