Green manures: An alternative for the economy of nitrogen in potato cultivation. I. Comparative study of several species
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Abstract
experiments were carried out, in order to evaluate the effect of
three species of green manure in rotation with potato
cultivation. Thus, the effectiveness of Canavalia ensiformis,
Mucuna aterrimum and Crotalaria juncea were compared
with two control treatments: the first (no green manure, no
nitrogen fertilizer) and the second one (with mineral fertilizer,
160 kg.ha-1). The effectiveness of several species depended
directly on the volume of green matter and nutrient contents
that these contribute, which was related among other factors
to seeding time. From the three species evaluated, Canavalia
ensiformis had the best behavior, carrying out the highest
contributions of green matter and nutrients to the soil. With
this species, potato yields surpassed by 7-14 t.ha-1 the control
and mineral fertilization variants, respectively. Mucuna
aterrimum and Crotalaria juncea had, on the other hand,
intermediate behaviors with potato yield increments of up to
8 t.ha-1 compared to the control treatment, these being similar
to the variant with mineral fertilization. Green manures increased
the contents of available P and exchangeable cations of the
soil, as well as NPK absorption for the cultivation. The green
manure used proved to be an alternative not only of chemical
fertilizer substitution but of soil fertility improvement and yield
increments for potato cultivation under the conditions studied.
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