Generalities of the cultivation of chickpea and biological alternative for the control of the Marchitez

Abstract

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), is one of the main sources of human and animal food and is placed on the list of the most cultivated legumes in the world, after soybeans (Glycine max), beans (Vicia faba), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas or pea (Pisum sativum). Among the biotic factors that limit a high production of chickpea, are the diseases produced by different pathogenic microorganisms of the soil. The Withering or Fusariosis, the causative agent Fusarium spp., Is the most important disease of the chickpea crop, it negatively affects the components of the yield and grain quality. This disease occurs ascending and descending according to the species, sick plants abort their flowers and the few grains that manage to form are of smaller caliber. To control this disease, agro-technical, chemical and biological estrategies are used, the latter being very effective from the economic, social and environmental point of view. The biological fight with products based on Trichoderma strains has had a favorable acceptance, and generalized in Cuban agriculture, for showing several mechanisms of action with direct and indirect effects in the reduction of phytopathogenic microorganisms. In this sense, the Wilt is a disease of difficult control, so knowing about the biology of the pathogen and its interaction with the host are important aspects to establish a more efficient control.