Variability of the yield in soybean cultivars (Glycine max L. Merrill). Part II. Springtime

Abstract

The research was developed in the areas of the Base Technological Science Unit, Los Palacios, Pinar del Río, belonging to the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. The objective was to evaluate the variability of the yield in soybean cultivars (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) associated with meteorological variables according to the sowing date in the spring season. Four soybean cultivars were used (DV-5, DVN-6, DT-84, D-2101), which were sown on three different sowing dates (May 2012, April 2013 and May 2013), corresponding to the time of spring, on a Hydromorphic floor Gley Nodular Ferruginous Petroferric. An experimental design of random blocks with three replications was used, and agricultural performance and its main components were evaluated, as well as meteorological variables (temperatures, solar radiation, relative humidity), in different phenological stages of the crop (V_e-R₁, R₁-R₅, R₅-R₇). The results obtained indicated that the meteorological variables studied influenced the variability of the soybean yield in the spring season. Of the components studied, the one most associated with yield was the number of pods / plant for the three planting dates in general. The climatic variables evaluated that most influenced the duration of the stages were the temperatures and solar radiation in the R1-R5 stage, the accumulated degree-days and the relative humidity in the R5-R7 stage.