Analysis of the genotype environment interaction in the of soybean crop (Glycine max (L) Merrill)

Abstract

The differentiated behavior of the varieties in different environments is what is known as genotype-environment interaction (GxE). A very important aspect when the selection and destination environments are different. This is the fundamental problem of the genetic improvement of plants. Direct selection in the destination environment has always been more effective, since it allows to improve the specific adaptation of the varieties in the environment where they will grow. Thus, cultivars and crops express their greatest potential. The definition of the cultivar with better adaptation and its interaction with dates of cultivation has the greatest benefits. It makes possible better preparation to manage the effects of climate change, which favors the selection of materials on farms. This bibliographical review was carried out with the objective of highlighting the importance of the genotype-environment interaction analysis in the genetic improvement program in the soybean crop, where essential aspects of the crop are addressed, such as its taxonomic classification, main morphological characteristics and genetics, applied biotechnology for genetic improvement, as well as elements to take into account for the genetic improvement and analysis of the genotype environment interaction in this crop. In addition, basic concepts such as adaptability and stability are discussed. It is concluded that the genotype environment interaction in the improvement programs has a determining influence on the new cultivar obtaining and more stable genotypes and with better specific adaptation at the time of making the selection and that the development of strategies that integrate the traditional plant breeding with modern molecular techniques they enhance the program of genetic improvement of the crops.