Alternatives for agroecological soil management in agroecosystems of Theobroma cacao L
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Abstract
The research was carried out during the period 2016 - 2018 in farms of the UBPC “José MaceoGrajales”, Baracoa municipality, Guantánamo Province with the aim of evaluating the effect of different alternatives for agroecological soil management in the fragile mountainous agroecosystem of Theobroma cacao L. Four treatments were studied, with four replications in a Random Block Design. The treatments were: 1. Live barriers + dead barriers, 2. Live barriers + dead barriers + organic matter, 3. Live barriers + dead barriers + organic matter + organic fertilizer generated from the Canavalia ensiformis and 4. Control without conservation measures. Evaluations such as chemical analysis of the soil (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium), soil losses and cocoa crop yields were carried out in 2016, two years later the same evaluations were repeated. The results obtained show that the application of agroecological management alternatives significantly influences the improvement of the studied chemical properties of the brown sialitic, ochric soil and the reduction of soil losses to permissible limits in the cocoa agroecosystem. The most efficient alternative in agroecological soil management for Theobroma cacao L., was the combination of living and dead barriers plus organic fertilizers generated from the legume Canavalia species, with agricultural yields of 1, 18 t ha-1, higher than the national average.
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