Hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares y Azotobacter chroococcum en la producción de posturas de cocotero

Contenido principal del artículo

Karen Alvarado-Ruffo
Albaro Blanco-Imbert
Gloria M. Martín-Alonso
Yoania Ríos-Rocafull
Ramón Capdesuñer-Rojas
Blanca M. de la Noval-Pons

Resumen

El cocotero es un cultivo extendido, con importancia en la alimentación, la cosmética y la industria; sin embargo, su producción se ve afectada, entre otros factores, por el envejecimiento de las plantaciones, lo cual disminuye los niveles de productividad, por lo cual se hace imprescindible la obtención de posturas de calidad para la repoblación de las áreas de producción. Con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto combinado de los hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA) y cepas de Azotobacter en la producción de posturas de cocotero de alta calidad, se desarrolló un experimento en dos viveros de Baracoa, Guantánamo, Cuba, del cual se realizaron dos repeticiones en el tiempo. Se empleó el ecotipo domesticado de cocotero “Indio Verde-1” en dos suelos: Arenosol háplico (ARh) y Gleysol Flúvico háplico (GFLh), con la inoculación de tres cepas de HMA: Glomus cubense, Rhizophagus irregularis y Funneliformis mosseae y dos cepas de Azotobacter: A. chroococcum (CDM-1 aislada del suelo ARh y CDM-2 aislada del suelo GFLh. Se observó una respuesta diferencial de las especies de HMA en ambos suelos. La inoculación con R. intraradices favoreció el incremento de las variables germinación de las semillas, altura, diámetro del vástago y número de hojas, en el suelo ARh al combinarse su inoculación con la cepa A. chroococcum CDM-1, mientras que     G. cubense fue el mejor tratamiento en el suelo GFLh, combinado con A. chroococcum CDM-2. A pesar de que se cuantificaron elevados niveles de las cepas autóctonas de HMA, en ambos suelos, las cepas inoculadas demostraron ser más eficientes que estas para la obtención de posturas de cocotero de calidad.

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Alvarado-Ruffo, K., Blanco-Imbert, A., Martín-Alonso, G. M., Ríos-Rocafull, Y., Capdesuñer-Rojas, R., & de la Noval-Pons, B. M. (2024). Hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares y Azotobacter chroococcum en la producción de posturas de cocotero. Cultivos Tropicales, 45(4), https://cu-id.com/2050/v45n4e13. Recuperado a partir de https://ediciones.inca.edu.cu/index.php/ediciones/article/view/1830
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