Water deficit in crops and the action of microorganisms
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Abstract
One third of the planet's surface is considered arid or semi-arid, while most of the remaining surface is subject to temporary periods of water deficit. Drought is considered to be one of the world's major natural disasters, the most frequent and persistent, the one with the greatest negative effect on agricultural production and also the one that causes real adverse impacts on the environment. Water is the main limiting factor for plant growth on earth, acting as a first degree selective force for the evolution and distribution of plant species. Soil microorganisms are known to contribute a wide range of essential services to the sustainability of all ecosystems. They act as the main drivers of nutrient cycling; they regulate soil organic matter dynamics, carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emissions; they modify soil physical structure and water regime. Inoculation of some microorganisms improves the efficiency of nutrient uptake, promotes plant growth and yield, thus attenuating the adverse effects of stress. The present work was aimed to deepen the knowledge of water deficit effects on crops and the role of some microorganisms in the mitigation of this stress on plants.
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