Influences of the meteorological variations on the avocado cultivars flowering of the antillean group
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Abstract
The flowering-inducing stimulus of avocado trees grown under a tropical climate is a short-term water deficit, capable of stopping vegetative growth. The objective of this work was to analyze the influence of meteorological conditions on the expression of flowering in three avocado cultivars of the Antillean group. During 2019-2023 in cv. ʻJulio̕ (early), ʻGovín̕ (middle) and ʻCatalinaʼ (late) grafted onto the cv. ʻPerreroʼ, 10 years old, planted at 6 m x 10 m on a Red Ferralitic soil, phenological observations were made using the BBCH scale on 10 randomly selected trees with a fortnightly periodicity. The percentage of the flowered tree was determined and climatic variations were evaluated through meteorological variables: maximum and minimum temperatures, temperature amplitude, precipitation and number of days with rain. The relationships between flowering intensity and meteorological variables were established for two months before the sampling date through Principal Component Analysis. The highest percentage of flowering occurred for ʻJulioʼ in January 76 %; ʻGovínʼ and ʻCatalinaʼ in March, 72 and 80 %, respectively. Meteorological variations influenced from two months before flowering, explaining around the 70 % of the accumulated variance by first two components. The association between slightly cold temperatures and a water deficit during the dry period favored the induction of the avocado flowering.
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