Management of bioproducts and NPK fertilization in maize grown on Eutric Nitisols in Cuba
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Abstract
Maize is an important food source for both humans and livestock. In Cuba, its production is limited by insufficient nutrient supply; however, various bioproducts have been developed that either provide nutrients or enhance their utilization efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined application of several bioproducts in relation to fertilizer doses and the maximum experimental yields of maize grown on Eutric Nitisols. Three experiments were conducted with different cultivars during the 2009-2015 period. Randomized block designs were used to assess various combinations of the bioproducts EcoMic®, Biobras-16®, Fitomas-E®, Quitomax®, and Dimargon®, with up to four bioproducts applied in the presence of different NPK fertilizer doses, as well as treatments with fertilizer alone. A beneficial response to the combined application of bioproducts was observed, depending on the fertilizer dose and the maximum yield obtained. For yield levels between 3 and 4 t ha⁻¹, applying 50 % NPK was sufficient. When yield increased to 5 t ha⁻¹ and in soils with high available phosphorus content, the dose should be increased to 75 % NK, while maintaining phosphorus at 50 %, since applying 75 % P reduced the yield of the bioproduct combination. The application of bioproducts in the presence of 50 % NPK fertilization consistently achieved yields similar to those obtained with 100 % NPK.
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