Water footprint estimation in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivation
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Abstract
The water footprint (WF) of a product or service is defined as the total amount of water used throughout the entire production process. Particularly in agricultural products, the largest amount of water is used for irrigation; therefore, quantifying it is crucial for raising public awareness about water use and protecting water resources. Soybeans are an important crop as a source of high-quality protein and oil. Furthermore, due to their biological nitrogen fixation capacity (BNF), they are a significant crop for reducing the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers while maintaining high yields. To estimate the water footprint (WF) of the crop, an experiment was conducted in the Central Area of INCA (National Institute of Agricultural Science). Were planted 1.8 ha with the CIGB-CC6 cultivar at planting density of 240 000 plants per ha. The CropWat 8.0 program was used to calculate irrigation and effective rainfall requirements. The green, blue, and gray components of the WF were estimated under these irrigation and cultivation conditions. Among the main results, it was noted that the yield obtained, 1380 kg ha⁻¹, is considered relatively low, and there was a greater dependence on irrigation than on rainfall. The estimated water footprint for the soybean crop was 3.581 m³ kg⁻¹.
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