Influence of temperature on the phenological phase length of floury wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp.) and triticale (X Triticum secale Wittmack) as well as its relationship with yield
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Abstract
aestivum ssp. Aestivum) and 296 triticale (X Triticum secale
Wittmack) coming from CYMMYT were studied in the National
Institute of Agricultural Sciences (INCA), at 138 m over sea
level, with the objective of establishing the influence of
temperature on the lengthening of different phenological
phases and them, in turn, on yield. Wheat was seeded in
December, 2001, except 44 floury lines that were also sown in
January, 2002. Day length of each of the following phases was
evaluated: emergency, tillering, first knot, leaf flag, arrowing,
flowering, physiological maturity and harvest. Mean air
temperature data were recorded at a closer meteorological
station to the site, besides calculating the sum of cumulative
temperatures in each phase. Lineal regressions were also
calculated between day length of every phase (x) and yield
(y). According to each line cycle length studied, they were
divided into five groups, the end difference being of 30
days. Temperature influence on cycle length was verified,
independently of the wheat species studied; significance of
the vegetative phase length was proved to define yield, since
high and significant coefficients of determination started from
arrowing phase. The two wheat species required an
accumulated temperature between 1800 and 2400oC to complete
their biological cycle.
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