Agroecological diagnosis of cocoa cultivation in small farmers of Manabí
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Abstract
The research conducted an agroecological assessment of cacao cultivation on 60 smallholder farms in the Cañales area of Manabí province, using field surveys and an analysis of environmental, economic, and social components. The average Overall Sustainability Index was 2.27, reflecting a moderate level of sustainability. The environmental component yielded an index of 1.60, indicating limitations in crop diversity, conservation areas, and soil management. The economic component scored 2.37, with acceptable productivity but conditioned by the use of external inputs and the presence of pests. The social component reached 2.84, highlighting community integration, although with deficiencies in services and knowledge of sustainable practices. Based on these results, a comprehensive agroecological management strategy was proposed to improve productive resilience, agroecosystem sustainability, and the well-being of the producers.
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