Growth and harvest index of local maize varieties (Zea mays L.) in communities of the Frailesca region of Chiapas, Mexico
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Abstract
harvest index of local maize varieties (Zea mays L.), field
experiments through a randomized blocks were designed at
the villages of "Agua Dulce Dos" and "24 de Febrero", in
the Frailesca region of Chiapas, Mexico. All the varieties
were selected following a Research-Action and Participatory
Learning process (RAPL) and oriented to the Participatory
Plant Breeding (PPB) and Conservation Agriculture (CA).
In both villages, a similar pattern of plant growth was
observed, excepting for plant height, being taller plants
belonging to the Campeón variety in "Agua Dulce Dos"
(236 cm at 60 days) and Z-30 and Morado in "24 de Febrero"
(120 cm at 60 days). Both, leaves number and stem diameter
were similar in all varieties ranging between 11 and 12 leaves
per plant and 1,7 and 2 cm of stem diameter respectively.
The harvest index in "Agua Dulce Dos" was higher for the
Macho variety and negatively correlated with plant height.
The Campeón, Negro and Jarocho varieties accumulated
higher plant biomass, while the Jarocho variety accumulated
a higher stem biomass and negatively correlated with the
harvest index. In "24 de Febrero" village, the harvest index
ranged between 18 and 23 %; it was higher for the Morado
and Parraleño varieties and negatively correlated with plant
biomass. The leaves and stem biomass significantly varied
among varieties, and a correlation with the harvest index
was not observed.
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